Navigating Work-life Balance in Academia: Challenges and Triumphs of Single Mothers

Authors

  • Honeylen F. Balogbog University of Mindanao-Davao City/University of Southern Mindanao-Kidapawan City Campus
  • Aileen J. Sinang University of Mindanao-Davao City

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.64612/ijiv.v2i1.62

Keywords:

education, work-life balance, phenomenological study, single-mother educators, Philippines

Abstract

This study examined the lived experiences of single mothers in academia as they balanced professional and family responsibilities. Employing a qualitative phenomenological approach through in-depth interviews and thematic analysis, five single-mother educators were interviewed, revealing six major themes: child-rearing and work conflict, unique family arrangements, financial struggles, capitalizing on stolen moments, pragmatic support networks, and steadfast care. Participants experienced burnout, emotional strain, and financial hardship; yet, they demonstrated resilience through faith, optimism, social support, and adaptive coping strategies, such as effective time management and self-care. The findings underscore the importance of institutional support and gender-sensitive policies that promote inclusivity and work-life balance, thereby enhancing the empowerment of women in higher education.

References

Affandy, A. H. (2023). Single mothers: financial challenges and experiences in Brunei-Muara district. Southeast Asia: A Multidisciplinary Journal. https://doi.org/10.1108/seamj-02-2023-0019

Agarwal, S., & Lenka, U. (2015). Study on work-life balance of women entrepreneurs – review and research agenda. Industrial and Commercial Training, 47(7), 356–362. https://doi.org/10.1108/ict-01-2015-0006

Akanji, B., Mordi, C., & Ajonbadi, H. A. (2020). The experiences of work-life balance, stress, and coping lifestyles of female professionals: insights from a developing country. Employee Relations, 42(4), 999–1015. https://doi.org/10.1108/er-01-2019-0089

Alverina, Y., Hanami, Y., & Abidin, F. A. (2024). “Working is my me time”: Exploring the perception of me time among working mothers. Jurnal Psikologi Ulayat, 11(2). https://doi.org/10.24854/jpu910

Antonio, C., & Anonuevo, Q. (2005). FES Dialogue on Globalization FES International Policy Analysis Unit FES Journal - International Politics and Society An Overview of the Gender Situation in the Philippines. http://library.fes.de/pdf-files/bueros/philippinen/50069.pdf

Aquino, J. M., Culajara, C. J., & Culajara, J. P. M. (2023). Examining the Work-Life Balance of Teacher-Parents in one secondary school in the Philippines: a phenomenological study. e-Jurnal Penyelidikan Dan Inovasi, 10(2), 158–175. https://doi.org/10.53840/ejpi.v10i2.118

Ariani, M., Zulhawati, N., & Hikmawatty, S. (2024). Single Mom’s Parenting Pattern In Forming Children’s Independence And The Environment. Moestopo International Review on Social Humanities and Sciences, 4(2), 170–186. https://doi.org/10.32509/mirshus.v4i2.85

Armenti, C. (2004). Women With Children in Academe 1 The Canadian Journal of Higher Education La revue canadienne dʼenseignement supérieur. The Canadian Journal of Higher Education, XXXIV(1), 1–26. http://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ720712.pdf

Arnett, R. C. (2017). Phenomenology. The International Encyclopedia of Communication Research Methods, 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118901731.iecrm0186

Augustine, J. M., Kim, J., & Lee, M. (2023). Parents’ access to flexible work arrangements and time in active caregiving activities. Journal of Family Issues, 45(4), 992–1018. https://doi.org/10.1177/0192513x231169653

Baba, M. M., Krishnan, C., & Goswami, N. G. (2025). A five-decade analysis of work-life balance among women through systematic literature review and bibliometric analysis. Future Business Journal, 11(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s43093-025-00584-w

Baluyot, M. K. M., Yapo, F. C. D., Gatchalian, J. M., Jose, J. P., Juan, K. L. M. P., Tabiliran, J. P. N., & Tus, J. (2023). Kinsenas, Katapusan: A Phenomenological Study on the Lived Experiences and Challenges Faced by Single Mothers. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7653107

Barajas, M. (2011). Academic Achievement of Children in Single Parent Homes: A Critical Review. The Hilltop Review, 5(1).

Barbu, S.J., McDonald, K., Singh, B., Grindstaff, L. (2022). Work-Life Integration in Academia: From Myth to Reality. In: Bisson, L.F., Grindstaff, L., Brazil-Cruz, L., Barbu, S.J. (eds) Uprooting Bias in the Academy. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-85668-7_11

Bartova, A., Otto, A., & Van Lancker, W. (2022). Making Parental Leave Policies Work for Single Mothers: Lessons from Europe. The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 702(1), 129–148. https://doi.org/10.1177/00027162221134445

Bassey, M. (1981). Pedagogic Research: On the Relative Merits of Search for Generalisation and Study of Single Events. Oxford Review of Education, 7(1), 73–94. https://www.jstor.org/stable/1050091

Beigi, M., Shirmohammadi, M., & Kim, S. (2016). Living the academic life: A model for work-family conflict. Work, 53(3), 459–468. https://doi.org/10.3233/wor-152173

Bell, E., & Sinclair, A. (2014). Reclaiming eroticism in the academy. Organization, 21(2), 268–280. https://doi.org/10.1177/1350508413493084

Benard, S., & Correll, S. J. (2010). Normative Discrimination and the Motherhood Penalty. Gender & Society, 24(5), 616–646. https://doi.org/10.1177/0891243210383142

Bisht, P. (2025). Impact of Single Parenting on Children: A Case Study. Crdeepjournal. https://doi.org/10.13140/rg.2.2.22095.60327

Boushey, H. (n.d.). Are Women Opting Out? Debunking the Myth.

Burk, B. N., Pechenik Mausolf, A., & Oakleaf, L. (2020). Pandemic Motherhood and the Academy: A Critical Examination of the Leisure-Work Dichotomy. Leisure Sciences, 43(1-2), 225–231. https://doi.org/10.1080/01490400.2020.1774006

Caragata, L., Watters, E. C., & Cumming, S. (2021). Changing the game: the continuous adaptation of Resilient Single Mothers. International Journal of Social Work and Human Services Practice, 8(1), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.13189/ijrh.2021.080101

Cariaga, R. (2023). The Philippine Education Today and Its Way Forward. Journal of ongoing educational research, 1(1), 40-42.

Cariaga, R. (2024). Student Performance Through 21st-Century Skills: Integrating Critical Thinking, Communication, Teamwork, and Creativity in Modern Education. Communication, Teamwork, and Creativity in Modern Education (August 12, 2024).

Cariaga, R. (2025). Listening from the Margins: A Phenomenological Inquiry into Parents’ Lived Experiences of School Involvement in Rural Philippine Communities. International Journal of Educational Viewpoints, 1(1), 42-46.

Cariaga, R., & Gerodias, E. (2025). More Than Homework Help: Filipino Secondary Students’ Lived Experiences of Parental Involvement and Academic Performance. International Journal of Educational Viewpoints, 1(1), 35-41.

Cariaga, R., Dagunan, M. A., Cariaga, V., Sabidalas, M. A., El Halaissi, M., & Bacatan, J. (2025). Rethinking Parental Involvement in Developing Countries: Toward Inclusive and Culturally Responsive Education. International Journal of Interdisciplinary Viewpoints , 1(5), 631–637. https://doi.org/10.64612/ijiv.v1i5.39

Cariaga, R., Sabidalas, M. A., Dagunan, M. A., Refugio, C., Cariaga, V., Gerodias, E., & Cubero, G. (2025). Challenges of Pre-service Teachers in K–12 Classrooms: An Explanatory Case Study. International Journal of Interdisciplinary Viewpoints , 1(6), 732–737. https://doi.org/10.64612/ijiv.v1i6.54

Castleberry, A., & Nolen, A. (2018). Thematic analysis of qualitative research data: Is it as easy as it sounds? Currents in Pharmacy Teaching and Learning, 10(6), 807–815. Sciencedirect. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cptl.2018.03.019

Cavendish, S. E. (2007). “Parenting & Professing: Balancing Family Work With an Academic Career,” by R. H. Bassett (Ed.). Journal of Family Communication, 7(1), 81–83. https://doi.org/10.1080/15267430709336673

Ceci, S. J., Ginther, D. K., Kahn, S., & Williams, W. M. (2014). Women in Academic Science. Psychological Science in the Public Interest, 15(3), 75–141. https://doi.org/10.1177/1529100614541236

Chamberlain, P., Jadva, V., & Buckley, S. (2024). P-496 Being a solo mother: an exploration of parenting experiences and support needs of women who intentionally choose to become mothers without a partner. Human Reproduction, 39(Supplement_1). https://doi.org/10.1093/humrep/deae108.837

Chawla, N., Rogers, K. M., & Schinoff, B. S. (2023). Making the invisible visible: Recrafting the discourse surrounding women caregivers in academia. Industrial and Organizational Psychology, 16(2), 267–272. https://doi.org/10.1017/iop.2023.19

Chinchilla, N., & León, C. (2005). Female Ambition. In Palgrave Macmillan UK eBooks. https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230508910

Chingos, M. M., & Whitehurst, G. J. (2011, May 11). Class Size: What Research Says and What it Means for State Policy. Brookings; Brookings.

Clark, S. C. (2000). Work/Family Border Theory: a New Theory of Work/Family Balance. Human Relations, 53(6), 747–770. https://doi.org/10.1177/0018726700536001

Close to half of women are feeling more anxious, depressed, isolated, overworked or ill because of increased unpaid care work caused by the pandemic – Oxfam survey. (2020, June 26). Oxfam International.

Colaizzi, P. F. (1978). Psychological Research as the Phenomenologist Views It (R. S. Valle & M. King, Eds.). PhilPapers; Oxford University Press.

Creswell, J. W. (1998). Qualitative Inquiry and Research Design: Choosing among Five Traditions. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.

Creswell, J. W. (2013). Qualitative inquiry & research design: Choosing among five approaches (3rd ed.). Sage Publications.

Creswell, J. W. (2015). 30 Essential Skills for the Qualitative Researcher. SAGE Publications.

Creswell, J.W. and Poth, C.N. (2018) Qualitative Inquiry and Research Design Choosing among Five Approaches. 4th Edition, SAGE Publications, Inc., Thousand Oaks.

Crotty, M. (1998). The foundations of social research. Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003115700

Cruz, C. A., Hilario, A., Matawaran, M. E., Reyes, I. N., Valero, L. M., & Paez, A. T. (2024). Unseen Struggles on the Financial Challenges Faced by Single Parents. International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science, VIII(XI), 3466–3476. https://doi.org/10.47772/ijriss.2024.8110267

Dagupon, L., & Garin, Z. (n.d.). International Journal of Advanced Research and Publications Lived Experiences of Solo Parents: A Case Study.

Damayanti, E., & Elvira, M. (2024). Membangun Quality Time Orang Tua Dengan Anak Usia 4-6 Tahun Di Kota Malang. Jurnal Penelitian Anak Usia Dini, 3(2), 10–22. https://doi.org/10.18860/jpaud.v3i2.12323

Danurswari, D., Muna, M., & Sakti, H. (2024). Resilience of Single Working Mother: A Systematic Literature Review. Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Psychological Studies. https://doi.org/10.4108/eai.24-7-2024.2354296

Dapiton, E. P., Quiambao, D. T., & Canlas, R. B. (2020). Parenting as a Moderating Factor for Research Productivity and Work-Life Balance: Evidence from Philippine Women Academics. European Journal of Educational Research, volume–9–2020, 1425–1434. https://doi.org/10.12973/eu-jer.9.4.1425

De Guzman Natividad, A. D., & Mateo, A. P. R. S. (2024). Exploring the Work-Life balance of single parents and its impact on life satisfaction: the interactive roles of social support and demographic factors. International Journal for Multidisciplinary Research, 6(4). https://doi.org/10.36948/ijfmr.2024.v06i04.24189

Dewi, K. S. (2024). Perjanalan menuju kebahagiaan: Studi fenomenologis pengalaman koping spiritual positif pada ibu tunggal perempuan kepala keluarga. Jurnal Psikologi Ulayat. https://doi.org/10.24854/jpu730

Dharani, M. K., & Balamurugan, J. (2024). The Psychosocial Impact on Single Mothers’ well-being - a Literature Review. Journal of Education and Health Promotion, 13(1). https://doi.org/10.4103/jehp.jehp_1045_23

Dor, A. (2021). Single Motherhood by Choice: Difficulties and Advantages. Journal of Educational and Developmental Psychology, 11(1), 18. https://doi.org/10.5539/jedp.v11n1p18

Dziak, E., Janzen, B. L., & Muhajarine, N. (2010). Inequalities in the psychological well-being of employed, single and partnered mothers: the role of psychosocial work quality and work-family conflict. International Journal for Equity in Health, 9(1), 6. https://doi.org/10.1186/1475-9276-9-6

Ellis, P. (2019). Understanding Research for Nursing Students (4th ed.). Learning Matters.

Erdamar, G., & Demirel, H. (2016). Job and Life Satisfaction of Teachers and the Conflicts They Experience at Work and at Home. Journal of Education and Training Studies, 4(6). https://doi.org/10.11114/jets.v4i6.1502

Evangelista, I. (2017, October 7). Sexism in Higher Education Institutions in Countryside Philippines. ResearchGate; unknown.

Fadilah, R. (2023). Orientasi Happiness pada Single Mother dalam merawat dan mendidik anak. Jurnal Obsesi Jurnal Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini, 7(1), 162–172. https://doi.org/10.31004/obsesi.v7i1.3609

Franco, M. M., & De La Rosa, L. D. (2021). Análisis temático sobre las vivencias de ser madres solteras por elección. Psicoperspectivas Individuo Y Sociedad, 20(1). https://doi.org/10.5027/psicoperspectivas-vol20-issue1-fulltext-2002

Gabster, B. P., van Daalen, K., Dhatt, R., & Barry, M. (2020). Challenges for the female academic during the COVID-19 pandemic. Lancet (London, England), 395(10242), 1968–1970. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(20)31412-4

Gallardo, M. (2020). Does maternity affect women’s careers? Perceptions of working mothers in academia. Educación XX1, 24(1). https://doi.org/10.5944/educxx1.26714

Gasse, D. V., & Mortelmans, D. (2020). Single Mothers’ Perspectives on the Combination of Motherhood and Work. Social Sciences, 9(5), 85. https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci9050085

Gill, A., Page, S. M., & Hairston, M. (2023). Communities of support for Care-Experienced Mothers. The British Journal of Social Work, 53(3), 1775–1783. https://doi.org/10.1093/bjsw/bcad032

Giorgi, A. (2012). The Descriptive Phenomenological Psychological Method. Journal of Phenomenological Psychology, 43(1), 3–12. https://doi.org/10.1163/156916212x632934

Girisken, A. (2021). Understanding work-life balance, resilience and emotional endurance of single working mothers in the workplace: a qualitative study. Pressacademia, 8(1), 64–75. https://doi.org/10.17261/pressacademia.2021.1387

Halpern, D. F., & Cheung, F. M. (2008). Women at the Top. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781444305210

Hispano, E. F. (2025). The Solo Parenting Journey: a phenomenological exploration of personal experiences. International Journal for Multidisciplinary Research, 7(1). https://doi.org/10.36948/ijfmr.2025.v07i01.35213

Hong, X., Zheng, X., Yuan, H., & Ni, C. (2025). Parenthood penalties in Academia: childcare responsibilities, gender role beliefs and institutional support. arXiv (Cornell University). https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2504.13923

Huopalainen, A. S., & Satama, S. T. (2018). Mothers and researchers in the making: Negotiating “new” motherhood within the “new” academia. Human Relations, 72(1), 98–121. https://doi.org/10.1177/0018726718764571

Hutasoit, I. T. M. B., & Brahmana, K. M. B. (2021). Single mother role in the family. Education and Social Sciences Review, 2(1), 27–34. https://doi.org/10.29210/07essr208800

Jun, R., & Villosillo-Balbuena. (2022). IJAMS 60 Stress and Coping Mechanisms of Single Parents: Their Relationship. International Journal Of Advanced Multidisciplinary Studies, II, 2799-0664.

Kareem, O. M., Oduoye, M. O., Bhattacharjee, P., Kumar, D., Varisha Zuhair, Dave, T., Irfan, H., Soaham Taraphdar, Ali, S., & Orbih, O. M. (2024). Single parenthood and depression: A thorough review of current understanding. Health Science Reports, 7(7). https://doi.org/10.1002/hsr2.2235

Karunanayake, D. D. K. S., Aysha, M. N., & Vimukthi, N. D. U. (2021). The Psychological Well-Being of Single Mothers with School age Children: An Exploratory Study. International Journal of Scientific Research in Science and Technology, 16–37. https://doi.org/10.32628/ijsrst21812

Kim, J. Association between discrimination and self rated health among single mothers. J. Local Hist. Cult. 2019, 22, 487–513.

Kim, J.-E., Lee, J. Y., & Lee, S. H. (2018). Single Mothers’ Experiences with Pregnancy and Child Rearing in Korea: Discrepancy between Social Services/Policies and Single Mothers’ Needs. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 15(5). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15050955

Knowles, M., Nieuwenhuis, J., & Smit, B. (2009). A narrative analysis of educators’ lived experiences of motherhood and teaching. South African Journal of Education, 29(3), 333–343. https://doi.org/10.15700/saje.v29n3a271

Ladiba, G. C., & Utami, M. S. (2022). RESILIENSI SINGLE WORKING MOTHER PASCA SUAMI MENINGGAL. Happiness Journal of Psychology and Islamic Science, 4(1), 1–17. https://doi.org/10.30762/happiness.v4i1.360

Lantsoght, E. O. L. (2025). Improving Work–Life Balance in Academia After COVID-19 Using inclusive practices. Societies, 15(8), 220. https://doi.org/10.3390/soc15080220

Lao, M. E. 2017. Gender and the University.

Legarde, L. M. (2023). Impact of the Expanded Solo Parents Welfare Act on Single-parent Households in Zamboanga City, Philippines: a Policy Analysis. SSRN Electronic Journal. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4522239

Leonard, K., Dela Luna, G., Joy, M., Castro, G., & Ferido, M. (2023). Never Enough! A Qualitative Study On Single-Parenting And Child-Rearing In A Selected Community In Nagcarlan, Laguna. Up Los Baños Journal, Xxi(2).

Lestari, R. R., Yusup, E., & Oxcygentry, O. (2024). Pola Komunikasi Ibu Tunggal Dalam Proses Perkembangan Karakter Anak Studi Kualitatif pada Mahasiswa/i Ilmu Komunikasi FISIP UNSIKA Angkatan 2020. JKOMDIS Jurnal Ilmu Komunikasi Dan Media Sosial, 4(3), 807–821. https://doi.org/10.47233/jkomdis.v4i3.2185

Leupp, K. (2019). Bargaining Bonus or Breadwinning Burden? Wives’ Relative Earnings, Childrearing, and Depression. Sociological Perspectives, 63(1), 69–93. https://doi.org/10.1177/0731121419842132

Li, Q. (2020). Mothers Left without a Man: Poverty and Single Parenthood in China. Social Inclusion, 8(2), 114. https://doi.org/10.17645/si.v8i2.2678

Liamputtong, P. (2007) Researching the Vulnerable: A Guide to Sensitive Research Methods. Sage Publisher, London.

Lidiawati, K. R., Dewi, W. P., & Simamora, S. C. N. (2024). RESILIENSI IBU TUNGGAL: PERAN KEBERSYUKURAN DAN REGULASI EMOSI. Jurnal Ilmu Keluarga Dan Konsumen, 17(3), 263–275. https://doi.org/10.24156/jikk.2024.17.3.263

Lozada, R. E., Saming, M., Cubero, G. D., & Gabunan, J. Succumbing the Hardship of Solo Teenage Mother: A Narratological Research.

Maboeta, B., Van Schalkwyk, I., & Bloem, R. (2024). A social work perspective of women academics’ well-being in the workplace: The role of personal resources. Journal of Workplace Behavioral Health, 1–25. https://doi.org/10.1080/15555240.2024.2437801

Maher, J. (2013). Women’s Care/Career Changes as Connection and Resilience: Challenging Discourses of Breakdown and Conflict. Gender, Work & Organization, 20(2), 172–183. https://doi.org/10.1111/gwao.12015

Malmqvist, A., O’Hanlon, M., & Pralica, A. (2017). Single mother and hourly employee: An interpretive phenomenological analysis of seven women's stories. Tidskrift För Genusvetenskap, 38(1-2), 77–98. https://doi.org/10.55870/tgv.v38i1-2.2959

Manansala, G. A., & Eje-Dimaculangan, G. (2024). Beyond winning: lived experiences of thriving young professionals raised in Solo-Parent families. Journal of Interdisciplinary Perspectives, 2(8). https://doi.org/10.69569/jip.2024.0326

Manrique, M. A. & Cotabato Foundation College of Science and Technology. (2024). I Am the Mother and the Father: Gallivanting the Untold Testimonies of Frustration and Realization of Single Mother Teachers. In International Journal of Research Publication and Reviews (Vol. 5, Issue 4, pp. 5897–5907)

Mathew, R. V., & Panchanatham, N. (2010). An Empirical Analysis of the Impact of Various Dimensions of Work-Life Balance on Organisational Commitment Among Service Sector Employees in India. International Journal of Management Studies. https://doi.org/10.32890/ijms.17.1.2010.9987

Mazerolle, S. M., & Barrett, J. L. (2018). Work-Life balance in Higher Education for Women: Perspectives of Athletic Training Faculty. Athletic Training Education Journal, 13(3), 248–258. https://doi.org/10.4085/1303248

McKie, L., Biese, I., & Jyrkinen, M. (2013). “The Best Time is Now!”: The Temporal and Spatial Dynamics of Women Opting in to Self-Employment. Gender, Work & Organization, 20(2), 184–196. https://doi.org/10.1111/gwao.12019

Mendoza, A. J., & Cabrillas, A. M. (2024). “Nanay na, Tatay pa”: Work and Personal Lives of Single Mothers. CGCI International Journal of Administration, Management, Education and Technology (CGCI-IJAMET), 1(1), 42–50. https://doi.org/10.70059/ckdszq31

Miller, K. E., & Riley, J. (2021). Changed landscape, unchanged norms: Work-Family conflict and the persistence of the academic mother ideal. Innovative Higher Education, 47(3), 471–492. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10755-021-09586-2

Morrow, R., & Rodriguez, A. (n.d.). Colaizzi’s descriptive phenomenological method Original Citation.

Nawaz, F., & McLaren, H. (2016). Silencing the hardship: Bangladeshi women, microfinance and reproductive work. Social Alternatives, 35(1), 19–25.

Nunn, N., Acemoglu, D., Bates, R., Henrich, J., Hoff, K., Mokyr, J., & Robinson, J. (2009). NBER WORKING PAPER SERIES THE IMPORTANCE OF HISTORY FOR ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT Forthcoming in the Annual Review of Economics. I have benefitted from useful discussions with. https://www.nber.org/system/files/working_papers/w14899/w14899.pdf

Octavia, I. A. (2022). Parenting style for single mothers in Yogyakarta. TAJDID Jurnal Ilmu Keislaman Dan Ushuluddin, 25(1), 40–53. https://doi.org/10.15548/tajdid.v25i1.4111

Odaci, H., Ülken, E., & Bülbül, K. (2022). Tek Ebeveyn Olan Annelerin Psikolojik Sağlamlıkları ile Yaşam Doyumları Arasındaki İlişkide Umut ve Affetmenin Aracı Rolü. Ege Eğitim Dergisi, 23(1), 1–17. https://doi.org/10.12984/egeefd.939069

OECD. (2020, April 1). Women at the core of the fight against COVID-19 crisis. OECD.

Okolie, U. C., & Uwayah, L. I. (2024). Workplace consequences of work-family conflict for women. J-MIND (Jurnal Manajemen Indonesia), 9(1), 21. https://doi.org/10.29103/j-mind.v9i1.16598

Orb, A., Eisenhauer, L., & Wynaden, D. (2001). Ethics in Qualitative research. Journal of Nursing Scholarship, 33(1), 93–96. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1547-5069.2001.00093.x

Oxfam International survey. (2020, June 26). Close to half of women are feeling more anxious, depressed, isolated, overworked or ill because of increased unpaid care work caused by the pandemic – Oxfam survey. Oxfam International.

Palys, T. (2008) Purposive Sampling. In: Given, L.M., Ed., The Sage Encyclopedia of Qualitative Research Methods, Sage, Los Angeles, 697-698.

Pecson, R. (2024). Insights into the academic-life balance of student-teachers as single mothers. Journal of Scientific Research Education and Technology (JSRET), 3(3), 1066–1071. https://doi.org/10.58526/jsret.v3i3.468

Pinatil, M., Gimarangan, R., & Limbaga, M. (2023). Lived Experiences of RA 8972 Solo Parent Act of 2000. International Journal of Law and Politics Studies, 5(6), 43–55. https://doi.org/10.32996/ijlps.2023.5.6.5

Plotnikof, M., Bramming, P., Branicki, L., Christiansen, L. H., Henley, K., Kivinen, N., Lima, J. P. R., Kostera, M., Mandalaki, E., O’Shea, S., Özkazanç‐Pan, B., Pullen, A., Stewart, J., Ybema, S., & Amsterdam, N. (2020). Catching a glimpse: Corona‐life and its micro‐politics in academia. Gender, Work & Organization, 27(5), 804–826. https://doi.org/10.1111/gwao.12481

Polit, D. F., & Beck, C. T. (2012). Nursing Research: Principles and Methods. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.

Rabin, E., Goldberg, S., & Blau, I. (2024). Mediation of work-and-family conflict in the relationship between social-and-organizational support and teaching self-efficacy: The case of parent-teachers working remotely. Education and Information Technologies, 29(17), 22545–22566. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10639-024-12732-w

Radcliffe, L., Cassell, C., & Malik, F. (2021). Providing, performing and protecting: The importance of work identities in negotiating conflicting Work–Family ideals as a single mother. British Journal of Management, 33(2), 890–905. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-8551.12472

Radico, J., Oser, T. K., Fausnight, T. B., Berg, A., Ouyang, A., & Leong, S. L. (2021). Factors that Influence Work Family Conflict for Women Faculty. MedEdPublish, 10(1), 63. https://doi.org/10.15694/mep.2021.000063.1

Rahman, N. N. H. A., Ramli, N., & Hamdan, M. N. (2022). Empowerment of Single Mothers Livelihood through Comprehensive Social Support System. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 12(1). https://doi.org/10.6007/ijarbss/v12-i1/11602

Rakhmawati, F. Y. (2021). Komunikasi Ibu Bekerja dalam Membangun Kelekatan dengan Anak. Tuturlogi, 2(2), 89–102. https://doi.org/10.21776/ub.tuturlogi.2021.002.02.1

Ramos, E. S., & Jhoselle Tus. (2020). BEATING THE ODDS: AN EXPLORATORY STUDY ON SINGLE MOTHERS’ LIVED EXPERIENCES IN CHILD-REARING PRACTICES. Asian Journal of Current Research, 58–70.

Recksiedler, C., Bernhardt, J., & Heintz-Martin, V. (2021). Mothers’ Well-Being in Families and Family Structure: Examining constellations of stressors across life domains. Journal of Family Issues, 44(2), 363–385. https://doi.org/10.1177/0192513x211048479

Rees, E., Beeber, S. N., Sampson, R., & Lietz, J. P. (2023). Empowering Single Parents: Navigating Socio-Economic challenges and fostering resilience in family well-being. Law And Economics, 17(2), 131–150. https://doi.org/10.35335/laweco.v17i2.5

Rousou, E., Kouta, C., Middleton, N., & Karanikola, M. (2019). Mental health among single mothers in Cyprus: a cross-sectional descriptive correlational study. BMC Women’s Health, 19(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12905-019-0763-9

Ryu, G. (2024). A theoretical integration of work–family studies with the transactional model of stress. Journal of Family Theory and Review. https://doi.org/10.1111/jftr.12586

Saiin, A., Macsudov, N. V. G., & Amsalu, N. A. (2024). Single Parent Responsibilities and Efforts to Children Education: analysis of physical, intellectual and spiritual. Multicultural Islamic Education Review, 2(2), 85–96. https://doi.org/10.23917/mier.v2i2.4605

Salas-Betsch, I. (2024, August 7). The Economic Status of Single Mothers. Center for American Progress.

Saliendra, M. G. (2018). Teaching load, class program management and faculty performance of state universities in Region IV—A. International Journal of Scientific and Engineering Research 7: 1–6

Salsabila, A. A., & Laili, N. (2022). Analysis of Single mother parenting. Academia Open, 7. https://doi.org/10.21070/acopen.7.2022.5105

Salsabilla, F., Nursanti, S., & Utamidewi, W. (2023). Memaknai wanita karir dalam diri ibu tunggal bekerja. Da Watuna Journal of Communication and Islamic Broadcasting, 4(2), 450–458. https://doi.org/10.47467/dawatuna.v4i2.4022

Saro, J., Pelesco, E., Belsondra, R., Pantaleon, Q., & Arbuliente, A. (2026). Extent of Utilization of Innovative Teaching Strategies Across All Subjects and Their Influence on Students’ Academic Performance. International Journal of Interdisciplinary Viewpoints , 2(1), 7–15. https://doi.org/10.64612/ijiv.v2i1.60

Schnettler, B., Miranda-Zapata, E., Grunert, K. G., Lobos, G., Lapo, M., & Hueche, C. (2020). Testing the Spillover-Crossover Model between Work-Life Balance and Satisfaction in Different Domains of Life in Dual-Earner Households. Applied Research in Quality of Life, 16(4), 1475–1501. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11482-020-09828-z

Ségeral, N. (2020). Academic Single Mothering during a Pandemic. Journal of the Motherhood Initiative for Research and Community Involvement.

Seidman, I. (2019). Interviewing as Qualitative Research: A Guide for Researchers in Education and the Social Sciences. Teachers College Press.

Selzer, R. A., & Robles, R. (2019). Every Woman Has a Story to Tell: Experiential Reflections on Leadership in Higher Education. Journal of Women and Gender in Higher Education, 12(1), 106–124. https://doi.org/10.1080/19407882.2018.1534246

Serrano, M. E., Galocgoc, R. G., Guimba, W. D., Tamano, R. G., Fernando R. Sequete, J., & Miranda, E. A. (2022). Overcoming Barriers and Finding Strengths: The Lives of College Students as Single Mothers. IJUS | International Journal of Umranic Studies, 5(1), 1–9.

Sharma, S., & Bumb, A. (2021). Role Portrayal of Women in Advertising: An Empirical Study. Journal of International Women’s Studies, 22(9), 236–255.

Shree, P., Thamminaina, M., & Mishra, N. (2021). Single Mothers: Strategies of Family Management and Support Single Mothers: Strategies of Family Management and Support Systems in Relation to Health Systems in Relation to Health.

Sihvonen, E. (2022). ‘They are Alone in Their Parenthood’: Parenting Support and (Re)building Community. Sociological Research Online, 28(3), 644–661. https://doi.org/10.1177/13607804221075358

Skinner, A. (2021). Mothers in academia and their unique needs: Navigating multiple roles while maintaining personal wellbeing. Twu-Ir.tdl.org.

Skinner, M., Betancourt, N., & Wolff-Eisenberg, C. (2021). The Disproportionate Impact of the Pandemic on Women and Caregivers in Academia. https://doi.org/10.18665/sr.315147

Slobodin, O. (2022). Exploring the Quality of “Quality Time”: A Temporal View on Mothers’ Experiences during COVID-19. In IntechOpen eBooks. https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.101174

Smith, J. A., & Osborn, M. (2015). Interpretative phenomenological analysis as a useful methodology for research on the lived experience of pain. British journal of pain, 9(1), 41–42. https://doi.org/10.1177/2049463714541642

Smith, J. A., Flowers, P., & Larkin, M. (2009). Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis: Theory, Method and Research. London: Sage.

Squires, M. E. (2023). The Trials and Triumphs of a Solo Mother-Academic. Advances in Higher Education and Professional Development Book Series, 234–256. https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-6684-8597-2.ch012

Stead, A., Mandulak, K., Wong, S., Dirks, K. R., & Dolata, J. (2021). Motherhood in the Academy: A Qualitative Study of Experiences in Communication Sciences and Disorders. Perspectives of the ASHA Special Interest Groups, 6(6), 1705–1718. https://doi.org/10.1044/2021_persp-21-00072

Stone, P. (2007). Opting Out? https://doi.org/10.1525/9780520941793

Sukmana, H. P., & Hanami, Y. (2023). Solo Supermom: Psychological Well-Being pada Ibu Tunggal yang Kehilangan Pasangan Meninggal Dunia. Psyche 165 Journal, 256–263. https://doi.org/10.35134/jpsy165.v16i4.288

Sukmana, H. P., & Hanami, Y. (2023). Solo Supermom: Psychological Well-Being pada Ibu Tunggal yang Kehilangan Pasangan Meninggal Dunia. Psyche 165 Journal, 256–263. https://doi.org/10.35134/jpsy165.v16i4.288

Tancinco, N. (2016). Status of Teachers’ Workload and Performance in State Universities of Eastern Visayas: Implications to Educational Management. 18, 46–57. https://doi.org/10.9790/487X-1806044657

Tsouroufli, M. (2018). Gendered and classed performances of “good” mother and academic in Greece. European Journal of Women’s Studies, 27(1), 9–24. https://doi.org/10.1177/1350506818802454

UN Women. (2019). Progress of the world’s women | Digital library. UN Women. https://www.unwomen.org/en/digital-library/progress-of-the-worlds-women

United Nations. (2018). United Nations sustainable development agenda. United Nations Sustainable Development; United Nations.

United Nations. (2020). UN Women Annual Report 2019–2020 | Digital library: Publications. UN Women.

Van Gasse, D., & Mortelmans, D. (2020). Single mothers’ perspectives on the combination of motherhood and work. Social Sciences, 9(5), 85. https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci9050085

van Manen, M. (2016). Researching Lived Experience: Human Science for an Action Sensitive Pedagogy (2nd ed.). Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315421056

Young, A. M. (2015). Teacher, Scholar, Mother. Lexington Books.

Zagefka, H., Houston, D., Duff, L., & Moftizadeh, N. (2021). Combining Motherhood and Work: Effects of Dual Identity and Identity Conflict on Well-Being. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 30(10), 2452–2460. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10826-021-02070-7

Zheng, W., Kark, R., & Meister, A. L. (2018). Paradox versus dilemma mindset: A theory of how women leaders navigate the tensions between agency and communion. The Leadership Quarterly, 29(5), 584–596. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.leaqua.2018.04.001

Zhi, P., Sun Lee Um, & Dong Hyuk Jo. (2022). A Study on the Effect of work-life balance conflict of working mothers on Parental Role Satisfaction: The Mediation Effect of mother’s child-rearing stress and parenting Guilt. 글로벌경영학회지, 19(3), 142–164. https://doi.org/10.38115/asgba.2022.19.3.142

Zhou, X., & Taylor, Z. E. (2022). Differentiating the impact of family and friend social support for single mothers on parenting and internalizing symptoms. Journal of Affective Disorders Reports, 8, 100319. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jadr.2022.100319

Downloads

Published

2026-01-20

How to Cite

Balogbog , H., & Sinang, A. (2026). Navigating Work-life Balance in Academia: Challenges and Triumphs of Single Mothers. International Journal of Interdisciplinary Viewpoints , 2(1), 26–36. https://doi.org/10.64612/ijiv.v2i1.62

Issue

Section

Articles