Culture-Embedded Responsible Leadership: The CERIL-C Framework for Resilience and Innovation in Collectivist Contexts
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.64612/ijiv.v2i3.105Keywords:
responsible leadership, culture, innovation, indigenous values, employee engagement, CERIL-CAbstract
Organizations increasingly operate in crisis-prone, high-disruption environments, requiring leadership that sustains engagement, fosters innovation, and builds resilience. Despite extensive research on responsible, ethical, transformational, and innovative leadership, findings remain fragmented, particularly in collectivist contexts. This study synthesizes 41 empirical studies and identifies a consistent positive relationship between responsible and innovative leadership behaviors and organizational outcomes, while also highlighting important contextual variation. In collectivist settings, relational and culturally embedded mechanisms—often underemphasized in Western frameworks—play a critical role in shaping leadership processes and outcomes. To address this gap, the study introduces the Culture-Embedded Responsible and Innovative Leadership in Crisis (CERIL-C) framework, which integrates diverse leadership dimensions into a unified, culturally grounded model. The framework proposes a sequential mediation pathway in which leadership influences organizational outcomes through innovative leadership and employee engagement. It further conceptualizes Filipino values—kapwa, bayanihan, and malasakit—as cultural microfoundations that shape leadership cognition, relational dynamics, and behavioral enactment, thereby enhancing psychological safety, collective efficacy, and resilience. Overall, CERIL-C advances leadership theory by offering an integrative and empirically testable framework for crisis-prone collectivist environments.
References
Abd‐EL Aliem, S. M. F., & Abou Hashish, E. A. (2021). The relationship between transformational leadership practices of first‐line nurse managers and nurses’ organizational resilience and job involvement: a structural equation model. Worldviews on Evidence‐Based Nursing, 18(5), 273–282. https://doi.org/10.1111/wvn.12535
Banks, G. C., McCauley, K. D., Gardner, W. L., & Guler, C. E. (2016). A meta-analytic review of authentic and transformational leadership: A test for redundancy. The Leadership Quarterly, 27(4), 634–652. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.leaqua.2016.02.006
Barling, J., Weber, T., & Kelloway, E. K. (1996). Effects of transformational leadership training on attitudinal and financial outcomes: A field experiment. Journal of applied psychology, 81(6), 827.
Bass, B. M. (1999). Two decades of research and development in transformational leadership. European journal of work and organizational psychology, 8(1), 9–32. https://doi.org/10.1080/135943299398410
Braun, V., & Clarke, V. (2021). Thematic analysis: A practical guide. Sage.
Braun, V., & Clarke, V. (2006). Using thematic analysis in psychology. Qualitative Research in Psychology, 3(2), 77–101. https://doi.org/10.1191/1478088706qp063oa
Cooke, A., Smith, D., & Booth, A. (2012). Beyond PICO: the SPIDER tool for qualitative evidence synthesis. Qualitative health research, 22(10), 1435–1443. https://doi.org/10.1177/1049732312452938
Dayson, C. J. P., Ayo, J. P. D., Equipado, B. D., Polon, J. H., Buban, R. G., & Digo, G. S. (2024). A systematic review and meta-synthesis of indigenous Filipino values in educational leadership. Journal of Community Development Research (Humanities and Social Sciences), 17(4), 1–22. https://doi.org/10.14456/jcdr-hs.2024.24
Dvir, T., Eden, D., Avolio, B. J., & Shamir, B. (2002). Impact of transformational leadership on follower development and performance: A field experiment. Academy of Management Journal, 45(4), 735-744. https://doi.org/10.5465/3069307
Eva, N., Robin, M., Sendjaya, S., Van Dierendonck, D., & Liden, R. C. (2019). Servant leadership: A systematic review and call for future research. The leadership quarterly, 30(1), 111–132. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.leaqua.2018.07.004
Ferranco, M. (2025). Emotional intelligence and culturally grounded leadership: A study of small business owners in San Pedro, Laguna, Philippines. International Journal on Culture, History, and Religion, 7(SI2), 191–202.
Fischer, T., Banks, G. C., & Bourque, L. (2026). Leadership Behaviors: A Synthesis of Schools of Thought. Journal of Management, 01492063261415816. https://doi.org/10.1177/01492063261415816
Hauth, T., Peiró, J. M., & Mesa, J. M. (2022). Transformational Leadership and Sick Leave: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Journal of Leadership Studies, 16(3), 6-21. https://doi.org/10.1002/jls.21828
Hepfer, M., & Lawrence, T. B. (2022). The heterogeneity of organizational resilience: Exploring functional, operational, and strategic resilience. Organization Theory, 3(1), 26317877221074701. https://doi.org/10.1177/26317877221074701
Hofstede, G. (2001). Culture’s consequences: Comparing values, behaviors, institutions, and organizations across nations (2nd ed.). Sage.
House, R. J., Hanges, P. J., Javidan, M., Dorfman, P. W., & Gupta, V. (Eds.). (2004). Culture, leadership, and organizations: The GLOBE study of 62 societies. Sage Publications.
Huo, C., Safdar, M. A., & Ahmed, M. (2024). Impact of responsible leadership on sustainable performance: a moderated mediation model. Kybernetes, 53(12), 5263–5284. https://doi.org/10.1108/K-03-2023-0342
Isidro, M. Q. Y., & Calleja, M. T. (2021). How do national values contribute to perceived organizational resilience and employee resilience in times of disaster? An example from the Philippines. Asian Journal of Social Psychology, 24(4), 511–523. https://doi.org/10.1111/ajsp.12439
Jaakkola, M. (2020). Designing conceptual articles: Four approaches. AMS Review, 10(1–2), 18–26. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13162-020-00161-0
Khairy, H. A., & Badwy, H. E. (2026). Adaptive leadership and resilience: The mediating and moderating pathways to green competitiveness in the hospitality sector. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Insights, 9(1), 20–42. https://doi.org/10.1108/JHTI-02-2025-0320
Kimaryo, P. F., Kessy, S. S., & Sanga, J. J. (2024). Fostering employee engagement through innovative leadership: Lessons from Tanzanian public secondary schools. Papers in Education and Development, 42(1). Retrieved from https://journals.udsm.ac.tz/index.php/ped/article/view/6555
Lawson, K. M., & Robins, R. W. (2021). Sibling constructs: What are they, why do they matter, and how should you handle them?. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 25(4), 344–366. https://doi.org/10.1177/10888683211047101
Lengnick-Hall, C. A., Beck, T. E., & Lengnick-Hall, M. L. (2011). Developing a capacity for organizational resilience through strategic human resource management. Human Resource Management Review, 21(3), 243–255. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hrmr.2010.07.001
Li, N., Zheng, X., Ni, D., Kirkman, B. L., Zhang, M., Xu, M., & Liu, C. (2025). Leadership in a crisis: A social network perspective on leader brokerage strategy, intra-organizational communication patterns, and business recovery. Journal of Management, 51(5), 2041-2073. https://doi.org/10.1177/01492063241237227
Marzi, G., Balzano, M., Caputo, A., & Pellegrini, M. M. (2025). Guidelines for bibliometric‐systematic literature reviews: 10 steps to combine analysis, synthesis, and theory development. International Journal of Management Reviews, 27(1), 81–103. https://doi.org/10.1111/ijmr.12381
Ngai, S. S. Y., Cheung, C. K., Ng, Y. H., Wong, L. M., Guo, H., Ngai, H. L., & Wang, X. (2026). Strengthening Adaptive Leadership for Organizational Resilience in Hong Kong. Research on Social Work Practice, 10497315251413524. https://doi.org/10.1177/10497315251413524
Nguyen, G. T., Ly, H. T. M., Nguyen, T. H. H., & Hoang, S. (2024). Innovation leadership and workplace innovative behaviour: An experimental investigation of leadership dynamics among it engineers in Vietnam. International Journal of Innovation Management, 28(05n06), 2450022. https://doi.org/10.1142/S1363919624500221
Nguyen, N. P., Hang, N. T. T., Hiep, N., & Flynn, O. (2023). Does transformational leadership influence organizational culture and organizational performance: Empirical evidence from an emerging country? IIMB Management Review, 35(4), 382–392. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.iimb.2023.10.001
Okoli, C. (2023). Inductive, abductive and deductive theorising. International Journal of Management Concepts and Philosophy, 16(3), 302-316. https://doi.org/10.1504/IJMCP.2023.131769
Philipsen, K. (2017). Theory building: Using abductive search strategies. In Collaborative research design: Working with business for meaningful findings (pp. 45–71). Singapore: Springer Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-5008-4_3
Post, C., De Smet, H., Uitdewilligen, S., Schreurs, B., & Leysen, J. (2022). Participative or directive leadership behaviors for decision-making in crisis management teams?. Small Group Research, 53(5), 692-724. https://doi.org/10.1177/10464964221087952
Rasheed, R., Rashid, A., Ngah, A. H., & Hashmi, R. (2025). Engaging for a sustainable manufacturing: the power of adaptive leadership in industry 5.0. Production & Manufacturing Research, 13(1), 2536785. https://doi.org/10.1080/21693277.2025.2536785
Richter, A., von Thiele Schwarz, U., Lornudd, C., Lundmark, R., Mosson, R., & Hasson, H. (2015). iLead—a transformational leadership intervention to train healthcare managers’ implementation leadership. Implementation Science, 11(1), 108. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13012-016-0475-6
Roque, H. C., Pitacho, L., & Lima, D. (2025). The contributions of responsible leadership to organizational resilience. In Leveraging technology for organizational adaptability (pp. 41-58). IGI Global Scientific Publishing.
Rousseau, D. M., Manning, J., & Denyer, D. (2008). Evidence in Management and Organizational Science: Assembling the Field's Full Weight of Scientific Knowledge Through Syntheses. Academy of Management Annals, 2(1), 475–515. https://doi.org/10.5465/19416520802211651
Sargam, S., & Pandey, A. (2025). Leading mindfully towards resilience: a responsible leadership approach. Society and Business Review. https://doi.org/10.1108/SBR-04-2024-0124
Schaufeli, W. B., Salanova, M., González-Romá, V., & Bakker, A. B. (2002). The measurement of engagement and burnout: A two sample confirmatory factor analytic approach. Journal of Happiness studies, 3(1), 71-92. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1015630930326
Shirazi, M., Emami, A. H., Mirmoosavi, S. J., Alavinia, S. M., Zamanian, H., Fathollahbeigi, F., & Masiello, I. (2016). The effects of intervention based on supportive leadership behaviour on Iranian nursing leadership performance: a randomized controlled trial. Journal of Nursing Management, 24(3), 400-408. https://doi.org/10.1111/jonm.12335
Singh, S., Khan, E., & Rehman, A. (2023). The impact of transformational leadership on innovative work behavior, the mediating role of employee engagement and psychological capital in Karachi hospitals. International Journal of Business and Economic Affairs, 8(3), 112-126. https://doi.org/10.24088/IJBEA-2023-83009
Skar, A. M. S., Braathu, N., Peters, N., Bækkelund, H., Endsjø, M., Babaii, A., ... & Egeland, K. M. (2022). A stepped-wedge randomized trial investigating the effect of the Leadership and Organizational Change for Implementation (LOCI) intervention on implementation and transformational leadership, and implementation climate. BMC health services research, 22(1), 298. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12913-022-07539-9
Sætre, A. S., & Van de Ven, A. (2024). Abductive theorizing is more than idea generation: Disciplined imagination and a prepared mind. Academy of Management Review, 49(2), 454-457. https://doi.org/10.5465/amr.2021.0317
Sætre, A. S., & Van de Ven, A. (2021). Generating theory by abduction. Academy of management review, 46(4), 684-701. https://doi.org/10.5465/amr.2019.0233
Sutcliffe, K. M., & Vogus, T. J. (2003). Organizing for resilience. In K. S. Cameron, J. E. Dutton, & R. E. Quinn (Eds.), Positive organizational scholarship: Foundations of a new discipline (pp. 94–110). San Francisco, CA: Berrett-Koehler.
Toquero, C. M., & Ramos, A. (2024). Leaders in Crisis: Philippine Educational Leaders Sustaining Learning in Higher Education Institutions During and Beyond the Pandemic. In The Palgrave Handbook of Crisis Leadership in Higher Education (pp. 541-561). Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland.
Tranfield, D., Denyer, D., & Smart, P. (2003). Towards a Methodology for Developing Evidence-Informed Management Knowledge by Means of Systematic Review. British Journal of Management, 14(3), 207–222. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-8551.00375
Walumbwa, F. O., Avolio, B. J., Gardner, W. L., Wernsing, T. S., & Peterson, S. J. (2008). Authentic leadership: Development and validation of a theory-based measure. Journal of management, 34(1), 89-126. https://doi.org/10.1177/0149206307308913
Wang, Z., Ye, Y., & Liu, X. (2024). How CEO responsible leadership shapes corporate social responsibility and organization performance: the roles of organizational climates and CEO founder status. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 36(6), 1944-1962. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJCHM-11-2022-1498
Watts, L. L., Steele, L. M., & Den Hartog, D. N. (2020). Uncertainty avoidance moderates the relationship between transformational leadership and innovation: A meta-analysis. Journal of International Business Studies, 51(1), 138–145. https://doi.org/10.1057/s41267-019-00242-8
Whetten, D. A. (1989). What constitutes a theoretical contribution? Academy of Management Review, 14(4), 490–495. https://doi.org/10.5465/amr.1989.4308371
Yu, J., & Xiang, K. (2024). Transformational leadership, organizational resilience, and team innovation performance: A model for testing moderation and mediation effects. Behavioral Sciences, 15(1), 10. https://doi.org/10.3390/bs15010010
Zabłocka-Kluczka, A., & Sałamacha, A. K. (2023). Organizational resilience as the mediator of relation between brand performance and organizational performance–reflections from the perspective of crisis times. Journal of Organizational Change Management, 36(6), 932-949. https://doi.org/10.1108/JOCM-04-2023-0122
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2026 Fritz Jeffry Z. Briones

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
This license permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are properly credited.
