Public Library as a Safe Space: Users’ Perceptions and Utilization
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.64612/ijiv.v2i2.68Keywords:
Users' Perceptions, Library as a safe space, Library utilizationAbstract
Public libraries are becoming more and more like welcoming community spaces that help people get knowledge fairly and improve their mental and social health. Based on the Theory of Planned Behavior and the Psychological Safety Theory, this study examined how people in a public library in Bacolod City perceived it as a safe place and how they used it as such. The Safe Spaces Act, or Republic Act No. 11313, is a law that makes public places safer. However, there isn't much real-world research on how safe-space principles are used in Philippine public libraries. To fill this gap, the study used a quantitative, descriptive-correlational methodology and picked 106 library users at random. A questionnaire made by researchers and approved by five experts in research and library, and computer science was used. The Cronbach's alpha score for reliability testing with 30 users who were not part of the group was 0.932, indicating very high internal consistency. It was July through October 2025 when the data were gathered. This study used mean and standard deviation to assess how people perceived and used the information, the Mann–Whitney U test to examine differences between age and gender groups, and Spearman’s rho to assess how the factors were related. Respondents strongly believed that the library was a safe place and said that it was always very busy. No significant differences were found between the groups. A strong, positive link was found between feeling safe in a place and using a library.
References
Ajzen, I. (1991). The theory of planned behavior. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 50(2), 179–211. https://doi.org/10.1016/0749-5978(91)90020-T
Butler, J. K., Kane, R. G., & Morshead, C. E. (2017). It’s my safe space”: Student voice, teacher education, and the relational space of an urban high school. Urban Education, 52(7), 889–916. https://doi.org/10.1177/0042085915574530
Ceccato V., Ercin, E., Hazanov, J., Elfström, S., Sampaio, A. (2023). Safety in a public library: the perspective of visitors and staff. Library Management, 44(3-4), 229–245. https://doi.org/10.1108/LM-12-2022-0127
Coleman, N. & Madler, A. (2025). Measuring the effect of demographic differences in library anxiety among undergraduate students. https://asu-ir.tdl.org/server/api/core/bitstreams/968e9194-dd2e-44ba-aec7-849148d278cf/content
Cox, A. (2023). Factors shaping future use and design of academic library space. New Review of Academic Librarianship, 29(1), 33–50. https://doi.org/10.1080/13614533.2022.2039244
Duffin, K. & Corrigan, E. African American undergraduate students’ perceived welcomeness at a Midsized University Library. Evidence Based Library and Information Practice, 18(3), 3–25. https://doi.org/10.18438/eblip30312
Edmondson, A. (1999). Psychological Safety and Learning Behavior in Work Teams. Administrative Science Quarterly, 44(2), 350–383. https://doi.org/10.2307/2666999
Hughes, H., Franz, J., Willis, J., Bland, D., & Rolfe, A. (2019). High School Spaces and Student Transitioning: Designing for Student Well-being. In H. Hughes, J. Franz, & J. Willis (Eds.), School spaces for student well-being and learning: Insights from research and practice (pp. 97–119).
Karki M., El Asmar M.L., Sasco, E.R., & El-Osta, A. (2024). Public libraries to promote public health and well-being: a cross-sectional study of community-dwelling adults. BMC Public Health, 3 (1): 1226. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-024-18535-5
Merga, M. K. (2021). Libraries as Well-being Supportive Spaces in Contemporary Schools. Journal of Library Administration, 61(6), 659–675. https://doi.org/10.1080/01930826.2021.1947056
Merga, M. K. (2025). The library as a safe space in contemporary schools: an international study. IFLA Journal, 51(4), 1089–1097. https://doi.org/10.1177/03400352251318368 (Original work published 2025)
Padohinog, E., & Ariate, L. (2024). User perception and satisfaction on library usage and services. Puissant, 5, 1819-1835. Retrieved from https://puissant.stepacademic.net/puissant/article/view/336
Peterson, M. (2023). Libraries as felt spaces: atmospheres, public space and feelings of dis/comfort. Emotion, space and society, 49. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.emospa.2023.100986
Reed, E. (2025). Inclusion and empathy are not enough: Cultivating student belonging in the academic library through compassion. Libraries & the Academy, 25(4), 625–641. https://preprint.press.jhu.edu/portal/sites/default/files/04_25.4reed.pdf
Scoulas, J.M. (2021). College students' perceptions on sense of belonging and inclusion at the academic library during COVID-19. The Journal of Academic Librarianship, 47(6). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.acalib.2021.102460
Shoaib, M., Shamer, A. & Iqbal, S. (2025). A systematic review of academic library spaces as facilitators of student engagement in higher education learning. The Knowledge, 4(1). https://doi.org/10.63062/tk/2k25a.41045
Slaby, M. H. (2025). The high school library as a safe space for student well-being. IASL Annual Conference Proceedings. https://journals.library.ualberta.ca/slw/index.php/iasl/article/view/8792/5239
Thomas, K. & Houlihan, M. (2025). Finding your place: assessing diversity, equity, and inclusion in an academic library. Evidence-based library and information practice, 20(1). https://doi.org/10.18438/eblip30569
Wexelbaum, R. (2016). "The Library as Safe Space," The Future of Library Space (Advances in Library Administration and Organization, Vol. 36), Emerald Group Publishing Limited, Leeds, pp. 37–78. https://doi.org/10.1108/S0732-067120160000036002
Wittmann, P., & Fisher-Allison, N. (2020). Intentionally creating a safe space for all: The school library as refuge. Knowledge Quest, 48(3), 40–49. http://knowledgequest.aasl.org/
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2026 Analyn Panhilason

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
All articles are published under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0).
This license permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are properly credited.